NIEL: Bulk Damages
flat energy band (c): majority carriers might be trapped and detrapped with a delay (decrease in carrier lifetime)
results in a partial loss of the signal charge because of the decrease in the charge collection efficiency (cce)
cce is indirectly depending on the depletion voltage -> effect can be compensated by increasing the depletion voltage
small effect compared to the next two
- additional energy-levels in the bandgap have consequences on the physical behaviour of the device